Posts

April 29 CA

● India’s First Industrial Solar Microgrid Commissioned In Gujarat ● Israeli Modern Art Exhibition Inaugurated In New Delhi ● Government Declares All Protected Areas ‘ Plastic Free Zones ’ ● Andhra Pradesh Government Holds Cyber Security Summit In Visakhapatnam ● DAC Approves Capital Acquisition Proposals Worth Rs 3687 Crore ● Gujarati Poet Sitanshu Yashaschandra Chosen For 2017 Saraswati Samman ● Narinder Chauhan Appointed As The Next Ambassador Of India To The Czech Republic ● Rajiv Kumar Nagpal Appointed  Next Ambassador Of India To Bolivarian Republic Of Venezuela ● Krishan Kumar Appointed Next Ambassador Of India To The Kingdom Of Norway ● 1st India-China Informal Summit Held In Wuhan ● Fitch Retains India’s Sovereign Rating At ‘BBB-‘ With ‘Stable’ Outlook ● Ankita Raina Has Been Included In The Government’s Target Olympic Podium Scheme ● Niti Aayog VC Expects India’s Economy Grow By At Least 7.5% in 2018-19 ● Delhi Government Has Decided To Set Up ‘ Rogi Kalyan Samitis ' ● Sikkim Chief Pawan Chamling Minister Becomes India's Longest-Serving CM ● Vice President Releases The Book ‘ Smart Cities Unbundled ’ ● Smriti Irani Inaugurates National Media Faculty Development Centre In New Delhi . #RAJKUMAR

EDITORIAL

WHO highlights the air pollution crisis in urban India; things are no better in rural areas A new report from the World Health Organisation highlights not only how widespread air pollution is in urban India, but also how deficient air quality monitoring is. The report, which summarised 2016 data for 4,300 cities, ranks 14 Indian cities among the 20 most polluted ones globally. While Delhi comes in at number six, Kanpur, Faridabad, Varanasi, Gaya and Patna are ranked ahead of it, by PM 2.5 levels. And yet, Kanpur, Faridabad and several other pollution-choked cities have only one PM 2.5 monitoring station each, while Delhi has several. WHO researchers get around this problem by using alternative data sources such as satellite remote sensing and chemical transport models, along with ground-monitoring stations. The outcome of this exercise makes it clear that air pollution is not a problem of large metropolises alone, even though they have traditionally been the focus of mitigation efforts. Such wide variations in data quality exist across the world. While Europe has the most extensive monitoring network, countries in Africa and the Western Pacific region perform poorly. This means data from these regions are of poor quality, and likely underestimates, resulting in an under-count of the disease burden as well. The report puts the global death toll from air pollution at seven million a year, attributable to illnesses such as lung cancer, pneumonia and ischemic heart disease. In 2016 alone, it says, around 4.2 million people died owing to outdoor air pollution, while 3.8 million people succumbed to dirty cooking fuels such as wood and cow dung. About a third of these deaths occurred in Southeast Asian countries, which include India. Once monitoring improves in these regions, the numbers will likely be revised upwards.There are silver linings, however. The report had words of praise for India’s Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana scheme, which has provided 37 million women living below the poverty line with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) connections. Such schemes will also help cut the indoor air pollution that plagues much of rural India, which is not covered in the WHO analysis. It is important to remember, though, that rural India has problems beyond inefficient cook-stoves. As the recently published draft National Clean Air Programme noted, there are currently no air pollution monitoring stations in rural India. This does not mean outdoor air pollution is not a problem here. Studies have shown that ozone levels are higher in rural areas, as is pollution from insecticide use and crop-burning. The WHO has asked Southeast Asian countries to take swift action to tackle the twin problems of indoor and outdoor pollution. India must realise that its problems are larger than the WHO estimates, and take the call to action seriously.call to action (noun) – stimulus, encouragement, exhortation/urging (to deal with a problem).deficient (adjective) – imperfect, defective, flawed.get around (phrasal verb) –  overcome, surmount, find a solution to (a problem).particulate matter (PM) (noun) – a mixture of extremely small (hazardous) solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air.metropolis (noun) – a big city.mitigation (noun) – alleviation, reduction; lessening.under-count (noun) – an incorrect & low count.disease burden (noun) – it describes mortality (the rate of death) and morbidity (the rate of disease) from major diseases, injuries and risk factors to health at global, national and regional levels.toll (noun) – number, count, total/sum (of deaths or casualties due to an accident, natural calamity & etc).attributable to (adjective) – considered as an outcome/result caused by.pneumonia (noun) – pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. It is treatable and preventable. However, pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children under five.ischemic (adjective) – relating to a shortage of blood supply to a part of the body (particularly the heart muscles).owing to (phrase) – because of, as a result of, due to.succumb (verb) – die from, die of, pass away as a result of. silver lining (noun) – consoling and hopeful aspect of a difficult/unpleasant situation.plague (verb) – afflict, torment, trouble.insecticide (noun) – substance used to kill insects.swift (adjective) – fast, rapid, quick.#FancyJ

Important Thermal Power Plants

S. No. Power Station District State 1. Rihand Thermal Power Station Sonebhadra Uttar Pradesh 2. Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station Sonebhadra Uttar Pradesh 3. Anpara Thermal Power Station Sonebhadra Uttar Pradesh 4. Obra Thermal Power Station Sonebhadra Uttar Pradesh 5. Rosa (TPS) Shahjahanpur Uttar Pradesh 6. Udupi Thermal Power Plant Udupi Karnataka 7. Bellary Thermal Power station Bellary Karnataka 8. MetturTheral Power Station Salem Tamil Nadu 9. Bellary Thermal Power station Bellary Karnataka 10. Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant Vishakapatnam Andhra Pradesh 11. Chhabra (TPP) Baran Rajasthan 12. Hirakud Captive Power Plant Sambalpur Odisha 13. Talcher Super Thermal Angul Odisha 14. Patratu Thermal Power Station Jaisalmer Jharkhand 15. Bokaro Thermal Power Station Bokaro Jharkhand 16. Durgapur Thermal Power Station Bardhaman West Bengal 17. Barauni Thermal Power Station Begusarai Bihar 18. Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station Singrauli Madhya Pradesh 19. SantSingaji (TPP) East Nimar Madhya Pradesh 20. Satpura Thermal Power Station Betul Madhya Pradesh 21 Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station Birsinghpur Madhya Pradesh 22. Mundra Thermal Power Station Kutch Gujarat 23. Ukai Thermal Power Station Tapi Gujarat 24. Sikka Thermal Power Station Jamnagar Gujarat 25. Tirora (TPP) Gondia Maharashtra 26.  Amravati (TPP) Amravati Maharashtra 27. Chandrapur Super (TPP) Chandrapur Maharashtra 28. Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station Nagpur Maharashtra 29. Bhilai Expansion Power Plant Durg Chhattisgarh 30. Sipat Thermal Power Plant Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 31. Korba Super Thermal Power Plant Korba Chhattisgarh # ARCHANA

List of Awards & their fields

1. Bharat Ratna – It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for outstanding achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavor". The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year. Padma awards Padma Vibhushan for "exceptional and distinguished service". Padma Vibhushan is second highest civilian award in India.Padma Bhushan for "distinguished service of a high order". Padma Bhushan is third highest civilian award in India .Padma Shri is awarded for "distinguished service". Padma Shri is last and fourth highest civilian award in India. 2. Nobel Prize - The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics. 3. Saraswati Samman – LiteratureNote: The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages. 4. Jnanpith award – Literature.  It is the highest literary honour Award in Literature of india.Note: The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of India. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages. 5. Vyas Samman – LiteratureNote: Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition of the Hindi literary work in past 10 years. 6. Bihari Puraskar – LiteratureNote: Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The award is named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work published in Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer. 7. Moorti Devi Award – LiteratureNote: The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture. 8. Booker Prize – LiteratureNote: It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language, and published in the UK literary award 9. Dadasaheb Phalke Award – Cinema/FilmsNote: The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema. It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 10. Arjuna Award - outstanding performance from the sportspersons in sports and games.Note: The Government has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the revised schematic guidelines a sportsperson must have very good consistent performances for the previous 3 years at the international level to be considered as eligible for the Award. 11. Dronacharya Award – eminent coaches of any particular sportNote: The award is named after the very famous archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related with the sportspersons who are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches of any particular sport. 12. Dhyan Chand Award - The award that is given to the veteran sportspersons of India for their lifetime achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand Award for Life Time Achievement in Sports and Games. 13. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award - The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour bestowed to a sportsperson for his/her achievements in India. 14. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize – for Science & TechnologyNote: The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics. 15. Kalinga Prize – ScienceNote: The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people. 16. Pulitzer Prize – JournalismNote: The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. 17. Abel Prize – MathematicsNote: The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians. 18. Grammy Award – MusicNote: A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. 19. Stirling Prize - ArchitectureNote: The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture. 20. Aga Khan Award – ArchitectureNote: The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing, community development and improvement. 21. Pritzker Prize – ArchitectureNote: The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living architect. Military Awards Wartime gallantry awards Param Vir Chakra — Highest military award for, equivalent to the Victoria Cross (which was replaced once India gained its independence).Maha Vir Chakra – Maha Vir Chakra is the second highest military decoration in India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.Vir Chakra – Third in precedence in the awards for wartime gallantry Peacetime gallantry awards Ashok Chakra Award – An Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra.Kirti Chakra – Second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards.Shaurya Chakra – Third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards. # ARCHANA

EDITORIAL

Getting affordable electricity to every household needs sustained policy support Access to electricity drives the productivity of households, empowers women and enables education and communication. Millions of homes still lack this vital resource in India. And as of April 1, 2015, the official count of unelectrified villages was 18,452. So when Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently announced that all inhabited villages now enjoy electrification, it signalled a significant milestone in the country’s development. It is an achievement that will raise aspirations in the remotest districts. Yet, broad-brush statistics conceal severe disparities, including the actual number of households in villages that have power connections, the number of hours they get reliable power, and the per capita power that rural and urban Indians consume. For one, the existing definition to declare a village electrified is coverage of a mere 10% of households and common facilities such as schools, panchayats and health centres. The claim of electrification pales when viewed against some of these realities. Rural household electrification has a wide range across States, from 47% to 100%. The average hours of power supplied in a day to rural areas in January 2018 ranged from 11.5 in Mizoram, 14.91 in Haryana and 17.72 in Uttar Pradesh to 24 hours in Kerala, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. These anomalies are often the result of infrastructure deficits and administrative inefficiency and they show that, even with supportive Central schemes, the Power for All 24x7 goal adopted by States and Union Territories with a deadline of April 1, 2019 is far from realistic. Census data for 2001 and 2011 indicate that the number of rural households that use electricity as their primary source of lighting rose by about 12 percentage points to 55.3%, while in that decade urban households rose five points to 92.7%. The per capita consumption between rural and fast-rising urban India also represents a challenge, since there is a divergence between the two. There are twin challenges to be faced in improving access and equity. To many, the falling cost of renewable, decentralised sources such as solar photovoltaics represents a ready solution for rural India. Yet, the evidence from States such as Maharashtra, which made an early claim to full electrification six years ago relying partly on solar power, shows that theft, damage and lack of technical capacity can pose serious hurdles. The answer may lie in a hybrid solution that ensures continued scaling up of both grid-connected and standalone solar systems in appropriate areas, augmenting conventional sources of electricity, with a clear emphasis on rooftop solutions for cities. Cheaper renewables will enable differential pricing for households in remote areas, a key determinant of wider social benefits of electricity. Rural electrification in India has been a long effort, achieving rapid growth from the Third Plan to the Twelfth Plan, but getting affordable power to every household needs sustained policy support.quest (noun) – search, pursuit; mission.household (noun) – family, house.sustained (adjective) – continuous, uninterrupted/prolonged, constant.empower (verb) – authorize, allow, entitle.lack (verb) – require, be in need of, be deficient in.inhabited (adjective) – relating to a place where people & animals live in.broad-brush (adjective) – lacking in detail, incomplete, insufficient.disparity (noun) – difference/imbalance, variation, disproportion.pale (verb) – decrease in importance, lose significance; diminish/fade.anomaly (noun) – abnormality/irregularity, oddity, deviation.far from (phrase) – not, not at all, nowhere near.divergence (noun) – difference, dissimilarity, variance.renewable sources (noun) – the natural resources (such as water, wind, solar energy) from which energy is generated.decentralised sources (noun) – it refers to energy sources that is generated off the main grid, such as wind turbines, PV (photovoltaic) solar panels, reciprocating gas engines, etc.rely on (phrasal verb) – be dependent, hinge on, resort to.lie (in) (verb) – consist, exist, be present.scale up (phrasal verb) – increase.augment (verb) – increase, supplement, enlarge.differential (adjective) – different, dissimilar, contrasting.determinant (noun) – factor, issue, concern.

Important Temples

S. No. Temples States 1.        Kamakhya Temple Guwahati, Assam 2.        Sukresvara temple Assam 3.        Mahabalipuram Temple Tamil Nadu 4.        Meenakshi temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu 5.        Brihadeeswarar Temple Tamil Nadu 6.        Kanchipuram  Temple Tamil Nadu 7.        Srisailam Temple Andhra Pradesh 8.        Tirupathi Temple Andhra Pradesh 9.        Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple Kerala 10.    Shabarimala ayyappa temple Kerala 11.    Gomateshwra Temple Karnataka 12.    Virupaksha Temple Bangalore (Karnataka) 13.    Golden temple – Amritsar, Punjab 14.    Somnath temple Gujarat 15.    Siddhivinayak Temple Maharashtra 16.    Mahabodhi Temple Gaya, Bihar 17.    Amarnath Temple Jammu & Kashmir 18.    Markandeshwar Temple Haryana 19.    Konark Sun Temple Odisha 20.    Birla Mandir Jaipur # ARCHANA

NPS

With an intention to encourage savings for retirement National Pension Scheme was introduced as a voluntary and long-term investment plan. It is regulated by Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) and Central Government.  1. National Pension Scheme or NPS The National Pension Scheme is a pension program, a social security initiative by the Central Government. It is open to employees from public, private and unorganized sectors (except people from armed forces). The scheme encourages people to invest regularly in a pension account during their employment period. After retiring, the subscribers can take out a certain percentage of the corpus. They use the remaining amount as a regular pension. Earlier, the scheme covered only Central Government employees. However, the PFRDA has made it open to all Indian citizens on a voluntary basis. NPS has immense value for anyone who works in the private sector and may require a regular pension after retirement. Portable across jobs and locations, it also comes with tax benefits specified under Section 80C and Section 80CCD. 2. Who should invest in the NPS? The NPS makes a lot of sense for anyone who wants to plan for their retirement from an early age. A regular pension (income) in your golden years can be a godsend, especially for those retired from private sector jobs. The Government provides the pension for public sector employees – but people who have worked in the private sector or unorganized sector do not have that luxury. This is where a systematic investment like this can make a difference. Salaried people looking to take maximum advantage of 80C deductions can also consider this scheme. 3. Features & Benefits of NPS  a. Returns/Interest A portion of the NPS is invested in equities, and you know equity investments do not offer guaranteed returns. However, it can earn higher than traditional tax-saving investments like PPF. This scheme has been in effect only for over a decade, and so far, it could deliver 8% to 10% annualized returns. The scheme allows you to change your fund manager if you find the fund performance below expectations. b. Investor’s Contribution Even though there is no upper limit, there is a minimum investment requirement. You must at least invest Rs. 500 monthly or Rs. 6000 annually. If you do not retain the minimum amount, they will freeze your account. You can unfreeze it by paying a penalty at the nearest PoP. c. Risk Assessment Currently, there is a 50% cap on equity exposure for the national pension scheme. This stabilizes the risk-return equation in the interest of investors. Hence, the corpus is somewhat protected against the equity market volatility. But it’s earning potential is higher compared to other fixed income schemes. d. Tax-Efficiency First of all, you can claim a tax deduction for NPS for up to Rs. 1.5 lakhs – for self-contribution and also for the employer contribution. 80CCD(1) covers the self-contribution, which is a part of section 80C. The maximum deduction one can claim under 80CCD(1) is 10% of salary, but no more than the said limit. For the self-employed taxpayer, this limit of 20% of their gross income. Any additional self contribution (up to Rs. 50,000) can be claimed under section 80CCD(1B). Therefore, the scheme allows a tax deduction of up to Rs. 2 lakhs in total. e. Post 60 Withdrawal Rules Contrary to common belief, you cannot withdraw the entire corpus after retirement. You must compulsorily keep aside at least 40% of the corpus to receive a regular pension from a PFRDA-registered insurance firm. In the remaining 60%, 40% is free of tax – the remaining 20% is taxed as per your tax slab. f. Early Withdrawal/Exit rules As a pension scheme, it is strongly recommended that you remain invested until age 60. However, if you have been investing for at least 10 years, you may withdraw up to 25% for definite purposes. They include children’s wedding or higher studies, building/buying a house and medical treatment of self/family among others. You can withdraw only 3 times (with a gap of 5 years) in the entire tenure. These restrictions are only on tier I account and not tier II account – scroll down for more details on them. g. Equity Allocation Rules The NPS invests in different schemes and the Scheme E of the NPS invests in equity. You can allocate a maximum of 50% of your investment in equities. There are two options to invest in – the auto choice or active choice options. The auto choice decides the risk profile of your investments as per your age. For instance, the older you are, the more stable and less risky investments will be chosen for you. The active choice allows you to decide the scheme and how to split your investments. h. Option to change the Scheme or Fund Manager You can change the pension scheme or the equity fund manager, if you are not happy with their performance. This option is available for both tier I and tier II accounts. 4. How to open an NPS account There are multiple ways to open an account, both offline and online. a. Offline Process To open an NPS account manually, find a PoP (Point of Presence) first, which could be an authorized bank. Collect a subscriber form from your nearest PoP and submit it duly filled along with the required KYC papers. Ignore if you are already KYC-compliant with the bank. Once you make the initial investment (not less than Rs. 500 monthly or Rs. 6000 annually), they will send you the PRAN – Permanent Retirement Account Number. This number and the password in your sealed welcome kit will help you operate your account. There is a one-time registration fee of Rs. 125 for this process. b. Online Process Gone are the days when starting an NPS account was a tedious process. Thanks to the digital wave, it is now possible to do it in less than half an hour. Opening an account online (enps.nsdl.com) is easy if your account is linked to your PAN, Aadhaar and/or mobile number. Validate the registration using the OTP sent to your mobile. This will generate a PRAN (Permanent Retirement Account Number), which you can use to operate your account. 5. Types of NPS Account  The two primary account types under NPS are tier I and tier II. The former is the default account while the latter is a voluntary addition. The table below explains the two account types in detail.  Particulars NPS Tier-I Account NPS Tier-II Account Status Default Voluntary Withdrawals Not permitted Permitted Tax exemption Up to Rs 2 lakh p.a. None Minimum contribution Rs 6,000 p.a. Rs 2,000 p.a. Maximum contribution No limit No limit The Tier-I account is mandatory for all Central Government employees, who have to contribute 10% of their basic salary. For everyone else, the NPS is a voluntary investment option # ARCHANA

EDITORIAL

Biplab Deb is completely out of his depth in ruling Tripura Tripura Chief Minister Biplab Kumar Deb is a gift to headline writers. It is not even two months since he took over from Manik Sarkar, the CPI(M) veteran who was Chief Minister for 20 years. Yet, Mr. Deb has held the spotlight on himself for one gaffe after another. He has said, in a literal manner, that the Internet and satellite communication were in use in ancient India, and that instances of their use could be referenced in the Mahabharata. Freely jumping across themes, he has compared the Indianness of the beauty of Miss Worlds. He has most recently said, very seriously, that civil engineers are better trained to be in the civil services compared to mechanical engineers as the former “know how to build society”. For some of these he has apologised — not for others. He has also made it a habit of doing ridiculous back-of-the-envelope calculations to ask the people of Tripura to, variously, consider how much richer they would be if they had kept a cow or sold paan. Mr. Deb is clearly revelling in his turn in the sun, as the BJP’s young talent come good in a vital ideological face-off by hollowing out the Congress’s State unit and humbling the CPI(M). In the days after the BJP swept the February Assembly election, winning 35 of the 60 seats on its own, with ally the Indigenous People’s Front of Tripura bringing in another eight, it was said the victory in the State was as valuable to the party as its earlier achievement in Uttar Pradesh. It is against this backdrop that Mr. Deb’s irrational remarks reveal the BJP to be completely out of its depth after its historic victory. On Mr. Sarkar’s watch, Tripura had moved up the development indices. According to the 2011 Census, with a literacy rate of about 87% it ranked fifth in India. Its sex ratio is a relatively respectable 960, and mortality rates for infants and children have been drastically reduced. On the flip side, Tripura’s good social health indices are not matched by those on the economic front — its per capita income has languished below the national average, its infrastructure facilities are poor and unemployment rate is extremely high. This is what Mr. Deb seeks to mock. Rather than make laughable references to technological prowess in a mythical age, he would do better to envisage and execute a firm plan to strengthen the State’s economic health. Rather than wade into needless controversies by talking about things such as how a ‘quintessential’ Indian woman looks like — which, given the manner the remark was couched, is something of an affront to Tripura’s ethnic diversity — he should be urged by his political bosses to let his performance, rather than his loose tongue, to do the talking. His advice to people to increase household savings instead of hankering after a government job reflects an incapacity to address the youth constituency that is seen to have voted the BJP to power on the desire for better jobs. All around, Mr. Deb is letting down his office and the people of Tripura.out of one’s depth (phrase) – exceed one’s knowledge.the spotlight (noun) – public attention, the glare of publicity, the limelight.gaffe (noun) – blunder, mistake, error.apologize (verb) – say sorry, express regret, ask forgiveness.ridiculous (adjective) – laughable, absurd, pointless.the back of an envelope calculation  (phrase) – rough calculation done quickly.revel in (verb) – celebrate, enjoy, delight in.place in the sun (phrase) – advantage; favorable, lucky position.face-off (noun) – conflict, clash, confrontation.hollow (out) (verb) – dig out, cut out, excavate.humble (verb) – defeat, beat, conquer.sweep (verb) – to win all (contests).irrational (adjective) – illogical, unjustified, baseless.watch (noun) – stint, spell, turn.mortality rate (noun) – (in a particular time/for a cause) the rate of death.flip side (noun) – other side; downside, drawbacks/disadvantages.indices – plural of index (noun) – measure; guide, indication.languish (verb) – fail to make progress; fail to be successful.mock (verb) – ridicule, make fun of, insulting.prowess (noun) – courage, bravery, boldness/audacity.envisage (verb) – foresee, predict, imagine/envision.wade into (phrasal verb) – move in, plunge in, dive in (vigorously).quintessential (adjective) – classic; ideal, exemplary/best.couch (verb) – express, communicate, say.affront (noun) – insult, offence, indignity/humiliation.urge (verb ) – advise, recommend, encourage.loose tongue (noun) – a habit of talking carelessly.hanker (verb) – wish, desire, longing/yearning.constituency (noun) – citizenry (in a region) who elect a representative to a legislative body. citizenry (noun) – all the people/citizens (of a place/country considered as a whole).let down (phrasal verb) – fail, disappoint; neglect.#FancyJ

EDITORIAL

There is no substitute for hot-cooked meals to address poor child nutrition The central principle that should guide the Centre in improving maternal and child nutrition is that early childhood is the foundation for the health and well-being of an individual. Tinkering with the existing national programme of providing hot-cooked meals to children three to six years old, and take-home rations for younger children and pregnant and lactating mothers is fraught with danger. Attempts to substitute meals or rations with factory-made nutrients will inject commercialisation into a key mission, and upset the nutritional basis of the scheme. Good sense has prevailed, and the newly-formed inter-ministerial National Council on India’s Nutrition Challenges has chosen to continue the current practice, overruling the Minister for Women and Child Development, Maneka Gandhi, who proposed distribution of packaged nutrients to beneficiaries. Raising nutritional standards for young children has become a policy imperative only in recent years, with the National Food Security Act, 2013, incorporating the mandate in Schedule II, and the Supplementary Nutrition (Integrated Child Development Services Scheme) Rules, 2017, laying down entitlements. Food and Public Distribution Minister Ram Vilas Paswan’s emphasis on strengthening these legal guarantees by providing more nutritious hot-cooked meals and rations with the help of local self-help groups is to be welcomed. If the ICDS scheme, now called the Anganwadi Services Scheme, is to achieve better outcomes, it must focus on the provision of physical infrastructure and funding, besides closer monitoring of the nutrition mission. Theoretically, the mission covers every child, but in practice it is not accessible to all.When the Centre recently launched POSHAN Abhiyaan, an integrator that will build capacity among nutrition workers, it acknowledged that while official data show a reduction in some of the depressing aspects of women and child health, the ground reality is far from comforting: the National Family Health Survey-4 shows a drop in underweight and stunted children under five years of age compared to the previous survey, but the absolute numbers are still high. An estimated 35.7% children are underweight and 38.4% are stunted in that age group. The body mass index of 22.9% women aged 15-49 indicates chronic energy deficiency. These figures should cause alarm that even after a long period of robust economic growth, India has not achieved a transformation. To accelerate the pace of progress, POSHAN Abhiyaan should rigorously measure levels of access and quality of nutrition, and publish the data periodically. It should be pointed out that NFHS data show several States performing worse than the national average. In a recent report, Nourishing India, the NITI Aayog refers to acute malnutrition levels of about 25% in some States. There is no quick fix, and the answer to better nutrition lies in fresh, wholesome and varied intake.tinker with (verb) – try to improve, play around with, try to mend.fraught with (adjective) – full of,  filled with, charged with/loaded with.prevail (verb) – win, succeed, triumph/overcome.overrule (verb) – reject, cancel, reverse/repeal.imperative (noun) – necessary condition, precondition, requirement.lay down (phrasal verb) – formulate, stipulate, prescribe.entitlement (noun) – rights, claim, prerogative/privilege.provision (noun) – supply, delivery, distribution.ground reality (noun) – practical condition/situation.comforting (adjective) – relieving, heartening, encouraging.stunted children (noun) – children typically have short heights and low body masses for their age group due to malnutrition.chronic (adjective) – persistent, long-standing, constant/lingering.periodically (adverb) – at regular intervals.malnutrition (noun) – undernourishment, undernutrition, poor/unhealthy/inadequate diet.quick fix (noun) – an easy, temporary solution.#FancyJ

Bid price

WHAT IT IS: The bid price is the highest price that a prospective buyer is willing to pay for a specific security. The "ask price," is the lowest price acceptable to a prospective seller of the same security. The highest bid and lowest offer are quoted on most major exchanges, and the difference between the two prices is called the "bid-ask spread." HOW IT WORKS (EXAMPLE): Unlike shopping for groceries, in the stock market the buyer also has a say in what price they will pay for a security. The price set by the buyer is the bid price. When an investor decides he wants to buy a security, he doesn't have to buy it at market price; instead he can use a "limit order" to specify to his broker that he wants to buy the security, as long as it's under a certain price. For example, shares of Company XYZ have been trading between $20 and $25 throughout the day. George is interested in buying share of XYZ, but he doesn't want to buy them for more than $22. When he talks to his broker, George tells him that he wants to set a "limit order" for 100 shares at $22. Because he's indicated a "bid price," George's broker will only execute the trade at (or below) that price.Limit Order WHAT IT IS:Limit order allows you to set a price at which you want to buy or sell a stock unlike market order , your purchase or sale will go through only when the price reaches the level that you specify.(A market order is an order to trade a stock at the current market price.)HOW IT WORKS (EXAMPLE):For example, you want to buy ABC Inc. at $50. The stock is currently trading at $51, so you set a limit order to buy at $50. The price may go up or it may go down, but you know that as soon the stock trades at $50, your order will be triggered and you'll buy at your predetermined price. Once you buy ABC at $50, let's say you decide you want to sell at $53. Again, you place your limit order and wait. Once ABC trades at $53, your order becomes active and will sell at your target price of $53. Limit orders are especially useful in volatile market environments. If a $50 stock trades between $50 and $60 on a volatile day, investors using market orders will be at a decided disadvantage because they won't have control over the price at which they buy or sell. WHY IT MATTERS: By using limit orders, you can protect yourself from buying a stock at too high a price or selling at too low a price #FancyJ